Before doing more image engraving, Russ pauses the machine and explains the digital graphics foundations needed to understand what the laser is being asked to reproduce. The focus is pixels, physical size, PPI, greyscale and dithering.
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What You’ll Learn
- The difference between image pixels and laser-burned dots.
- How PPI determines the physical size represented by each pixel.
- Why dithering is often better suited to binary laser marking than true greyscale.

Pixels Have a Physical Consequence
Russ links image resolution to the size of the detail that must eventually be produced on the material. A high-resolution image is only useful if the machine can create correspondingly small, repeatable marks.
Greyscale Versus Dithering
Dithering converts tonal information into a pattern of black and white pixels, allowing perceived greys to be created by dot density rather than by expecting the material to produce a continuous palette.
Why This Session Matters
This is the graphics foundation for the photo-engraving experiments that follow.
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