Russ tries a process that should play to one of PWM control’s strengths: 3D engraving in wood. The test begins to produce useful depth modulation, but the faulty 20 W head interrupts the experiment and demonstrates why hardware stability is essential.
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What You’ll Learn
- How varying exposure can be used to create engraving depth.
- Why wood grain still affects the visual result.
- How unstable diode output can ruin a process that depends on repeatable power.

Using PWM for Depth
A 3D engraving relies on controlled variation in the amount of material removed. Russ begins to obtain the expected change in depth and surface shape, showing that the concept is viable.
The Head Becomes the Limitation
The 20 W module repeatedly loses output and the fan speed changes with it. Russ stops the test rather than treating the failed result as a process problem, and waits for the 40 W head before continuing.
Why This Session Matters
It is a good example of separating process capability from faulty hardware.
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