Skip to content Laser engraving uses controlled laser energy to alter a material surface and create text, images, patterns or other marks. Depending on the material and process, the laser may remove material, melt or foam it, carbonise it, change its colour, or modify a coating. The depth and permanence of the result depend on the material and process.
How does laser engraving work?
The machine moves or scans the beam across the workpiece while controlling laser output. The result depends on wavelength, power, speed, focus, line spacing, pulse behaviour and the material’s absorption characteristics.
Raster and vector engraving
Raster engraving builds an image from closely spaced scan lines, similar to a printer. Vector engraving follows defined paths or outlines. Both can create marks, but they use different motion strategies and are suited to different artwork.
Engraving is not always material removal
Some processes remove a measurable depth of material, while others mainly change the appearance of the surface. Examples include colour change, coating removal, annealing or foaming. The correct term therefore depends on the material and process.
What affects engraving quality?
- Spot size and focus.
- Motion accuracy and scan speed.
- Line interval or image resolution.
- Power and pulse behaviour.
- Material consistency and surface finish.
For deeper practical examples, see LaserUser’s engraving sessions, photo-engraving material and diode/fibre learning series.
Related: What Is Raster Engraving?, What Is Vector Cutting? and Laser Engraving – An Overview.
